![]() Some models are able to predict both mutation carriage risks and breast cancer risk however, to date, all are limited by only moderate discriminatory accuracy. A number of models have been developed for assessing these risks, but independent validation of such models has produced variable results. ![]() Knowledge of breast cancer risks, taken together with the risks and benefits of the intervention, is needed to choose an appropriate disease management strategy. Risk assessments fall into two groups: the risk of carrying a mutation in a high-risk gene such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 and the risk of developing breast cancer with or without such a mutation. This review aims to distill the diverse literature and provide practicing clinicians with an overview of the available risk assessment methods. Central to decisions regarding the level of prevention is accurate and individualized risk assessment. Women who are at high risk of breast cancer can be offered more intensive surveillance or prophylactic measures, such as surgery or chemoprevention.
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